Astronomical League observing programs

Urban Observing List: 100 Objects for City Skies

The Astronomical League's Urban program: 100 clusters, nebulae, galaxies and stars bright enough to observe from a city, where the Milky Way is lost in the skyglow.

NGC 129, open cluster NGC 129 Le Gentil, dwarf elliptical galaxy M32 Andromeda Galaxy, spiral galaxy Owl Cluster, open cluster NGC 457 NGC 663, open cluster NGC 663 Collinder 463, open cluster Collinder 463 NGC 752, open cluster NGC 752 Stock 2, open cluster Double Cluster, open cluster NGC 869 Double Cluster, open cluster Collinder 29, open cluster Cetus A, spiral galaxy M77 Collinder 36, open cluster Trumpler 3 Stock 23, open cluster Alpha Persei Cluster, open cluster Melotte 20 NGC 1342, open cluster NGC 1342 Pleiades, open cluster M45 Hyades, open cluster Hyades NGC 1647, open cluster NGC 1807, open cluster NGC 1817, open cluster Starfish Cluster, open cluster M38 Pinwheel Cluster, open cluster M36 Orion Nebula, diffuse nebula M42 Upper Sword, cluster and nebula NGC 1981 Messier 37, open cluster Messier 35, open cluster M35 NGC 2169, open cluster NGC 2169 NGC 2232, open cluster NGC 2232 Satellite Cluster, open cluster NGC 2244 Christmas Tree Cluster and Cone Nebula, cluster NGC 2264 NGC 2281, open cluster NGC 2281 Messier 41, open cluster M41 NGC 2301, open cluster NGC 2301 Heart-Shaped Cluster, open cluster M50 Eskimo Nebula, planetary nebula NGC 2392 NGC 2539, open cluster NGC 2539 Messier 48, open cluster M48 Beehive Cluster, open cluster M44 King Cobra Cluster, open cluster M67 Bode's Galaxy, spiral galaxy M81 Cigar Galaxy, irregular galaxy Ghost of Jupiter, planetary nebula NGC 3242 Coma Star Cluster, open cluster Melotte 111 Messier 84, lenticular galaxy M84 Messier 86, lenticular galaxy Virgo A, elliptical galaxy M87 Sombrero Galaxy, spiral galaxy M104 Cat's Eye Galaxy, spiral galaxy M94 Black Eye Galaxy, spiral galaxy M64 Messier 3, globular cluster M3 Messier 5, globular cluster M5 Messier 4, globular cluster M4 Hercules Cluster, globular cluster M13 Turtle Nebula, planetary nebula NGC 6210 Gumball Cluster, globular cluster M12 Messier 10, globular cluster M10 Messier 62, globular cluster M62 Messier 92, globular cluster M92 Butterfly Cluster, open cluster M6 Summer Beehive Cluster, open cluster IC 4665 Ptolemy's Cluster, open cluster M7 NGC 6520, open cluster NGC 6520 Lagoon Nebula, nebula and cluster Omega Nebula, diffuse nebula M17 NGC 6633, open cluster Sagittarius Cluster, globular cluster M22 Graff's Cluster, open cluster IC 4756 Wild Duck Cluster, open cluster M11 NGC 6709, open cluster NGC 6709 Ring Nebula, planetary nebula M57 Coathanger, open cluster Collinder 399 Little Gem Nebula, planetary nebula NGC 6818 Blinking Planetary, planetary nebula NGC 6826 Dumbbell Nebula, planetary nebula M27 NGC 6910, open cluster NGC 6910 NGC 6934, globular cluster NGC 6934 NGC 6940, open cluster NGC 6940 Saturn Nebula, planetary nebula NGC 7009 Great Pegasus Cluster, globular cluster M15 Messier 2, globular cluster M2 Messier 39, open cluster M39 NGC 7160, open cluster NGC 7160 NGC 7209, open cluster NGC 7209 NGC 7243, open cluster NGC 7243 Blue Snowball, planetary nebula NGC 7662 Caroline's Rose, open cluster NGC 7789 Achird, double star Mesarthim, double star γ Ari Almach, double star γ And Trapezium, quadruple star Beta Monocerotis, triple star β Mon Algieba, double star γ Leo Mizar, triple star ζ UMa Acrab, double star β Sco Double Double, quadruple star ε Lyr Albireo, double star Gamma Delphini, double star γ Del Delta Cephei, quadruple star δ Cep Algol, eclipsing binary star, mag 2.1 to 3.4 every 2.87 days β Per 0h 2h 4h 6h 8h 10h 12h 14h 16h 18h 20h 22h

Swipe sideways to pan the map.

Equatorial map: right ascension 0h to 24h across, declination -90° to +90° up and down. The light band marks the plane of the Milky Way. Galaxies Globular clusters Open clusters Nebulae Planetary nebulae Double and variable stars Click any object to open its page.
Objects
100Urban
Brightest
Hyadesmag 0.5
Best season
Winter37 of 100 highest at 9 pm
From 40°N
100rise at least 10° high
Southernmost
M7dec −35°
On other lists
87Messier, Caldwell, Herschel 400 or another program

Observe all 100 from a sky where the Milky Way is invisible

  • Observe 100 objects on the list from light-polluted skies, which the League defines as a sky where you cannot see the Milky Way with the naked eye.
  • The list has 87 deep-sky objects, 12 double stars and one variable star, Algol, so the 100 means the whole list.
  • Log each observation as for the other League programs, with the date and time, instrument, magnification, and seeing and transparency. Observations made for the Urban program can also be used for other League programs.
  • Send the logs to the Urban coordinator, or have an officer of your astronomy club review them and tell the coordinator.

The full Urban list, in the League's order, with a page for each object

Sort any column, or type a name or constellation. The type buttons above the map also filter this table. Best is the month the object is highest at 9 pm. Also on lists the other observing lists the object belongs to, so one observation can count toward more than one program where the League allows it.

100 shown
No.ObjectNameTypeConstellationMagSizeBestSeparationAlso on
1NGC 129open clusterCassiopeia6.55.4′NovHerschel 400, Deep Sky Binocular
2M32Le Gentildwarf elliptical galaxyAndromeda8.18.7′ × 6.5′NovMessier, Binocular Messier
3M31Andromeda Galaxyspiral galaxyAndromeda3.43° × 1°NovMessier, Binocular Messier
4NGC 457Owl Clusteropen clusterCassiopeia6.413′NovCaldwell, Herschel 400, Deep Sky Binocular
5NGC 663open clusterCassiopeia7.116′DecCaldwell, Herschel 400, Deep Sky Binocular
6Collinder 463open clusterCassiopeiaDecOpen Cluster, Deep Sky Binocular
7NGC 752open clusterAndromeda5.750′DecCaldwell, Herschel 400, Deep Sky Binocular
8Stock 2open clusterCassiopeiaDecDeep Sky Binocular
9NGC 869Double Clusteropen clusterPerseus4.330′DecCaldwell, Herschel 400, Deep Sky Binocular
10NGC 884Double Clusteropen clusterPerseus4.330′DecCaldwell, Herschel 400, Deep Sky Binocular
11Trumpler 2Collinder 29open clusterPerseus5.920′DecOpen Cluster, Deep Sky Binocular
12M77Cetus Aspiral galaxyCetus9.37′ × 6′DecMessier, Binocular Messier
13Trumpler 3Collinder 36open clusterCassiopeia7.029′DecOpen Cluster, Deep Sky Binocular
14Stock 23open clusterCamelopardalisDecOpen Cluster, Deep Sky Binocular
15Melotte 20Alpha Persei Clusteropen clusterPerseus1.25°DecDeep Sky Binocular
16NGC 1342open clusterPerseus6.76.3′DecHerschel 400, Open Cluster, Deep Sky Binocular
17M45Pleiadesopen clusterTaurus1.21.8°JanMessier, Binocular Messier
18Hyadesopen clusterTaurus0.55.5°JanCaldwell, Deep Sky Binocular
19NGC 1647open clusterTaurus6.427′JanHerschel 400, Deep Sky Binocular
20NGC 1807open clusterTaurus7.05.4′JanDeep Sky Binocular
21NGC 1817open clusterTaurus7.79.3′JanHerschel 400, Deep Sky Binocular
22M38Starfish Clusteropen clusterAuriga6.421′JanMessier, Binocular Messier, Open Cluster
23M36Pinwheel Clusteropen clusterAuriga6.010′JanMessier, Binocular Messier
24M42Orion Nebuladiffuse nebulaOrion4.01.1° × 1°JanMessier, Binocular Messier, Bright Nebula, Open Cluster
25NGC 1981Upper Swordcluster and nebulaOrion4.29′JanDeep Sky Binocular
26M37open clusterAuriga5.624′FebMessier, Binocular Messier
27M35open clusterGemini5.128′FebMessier, Binocular Messier
28NGC 2169open clusterOrion5.97.2′FebHerschel 400, Open Cluster, Deep Sky Binocular
29NGC 2232open clusterMonoceros3.99.9′FebHerschel 400, Open Cluster, Deep Sky Binocular
30NGC 2244Satellite Clusteropen clusterMonoceros4.824′FebCaldwell, Herschel 400, Open Cluster, Deep Sky Binocular
31NGC 2264Christmas Tree Cluster and Cone NebulaclusterMonoceros3.911′FebHerschel 400, Bright Nebula, Deep Sky Binocular
32NGC 2281open clusterAuriga5.411′FebHerschel 400, Deep Sky Binocular
33M41open clusterCanis Major4.538′FebMessier, Binocular Messier
34NGC 2301open clusterMonoceros6.011′FebHerschel 400, Deep Sky Binocular
35M50Heart-Shaped Clusteropen clusterMonoceros5.916′FebMessier, Binocular Messier, Open Cluster
36NGC 2392Eskimo Nebulaplanetary nebulaGemini9.654″FebCaldwell, Herschel 400, Planetary Nebula
37NGC 2539open clusterPuppis6.512′MarHerschel 400, Deep Sky Binocular
38M48open clusterHydra5.830′MarMessier, Herschel 400, Binocular Messier, Open Cluster
39M44Beehive Clusteropen clusterCancer3.11.6°MarMessier, Binocular Messier, Open Cluster
40M67King Cobra Clusteropen clusterCancer6.930′MarMessier, Binocular Messier, Open Cluster
41M81Bode's Galaxyspiral galaxyUrsa Major6.927′ × 14′AprMessier, Binocular Messier
42M82Cigar Galaxyirregular galaxyUrsa Major8.311′ × 4.3′AprMessier, Herschel 400, Binocular Messier
43NGC 3242Ghost of Jupiterplanetary nebulaHydra7.724″AprCaldwell, Herschel 400, Planetary Nebula, Southern Sky Telescopic
44Melotte 111Coma Star Clusteropen clusterComa Berenices1.82°MayDeep Sky Binocular
45M84lenticular galaxyVirgo9.86.5′ × 5.6′MayMessier, Binocular Messier
46M86lenticular galaxyVirgo8.99′ × 6′MayMessier, Binocular Messier
47M87Virgo Aelliptical galaxyVirgo9.07.2′ × 6.8′MayMessier, Binocular Messier
48M104Sombrero Galaxyspiral galaxyVirgo8.69′ × 4′MayMessier, Herschel 400, Binocular Messier, Southern Sky Telescopic
49M94Cat's Eye Galaxyspiral galaxyCanes Venatici8.211′ × 9′MayMessier, Binocular Messier
50M64Black Eye Galaxyspiral galaxyComa Berenices8.511′ × 5.1′MayMessier, Binocular Messier
51M3globular clusterCanes Venatici6.418′JunMessier, Binocular Messier, Globular Cluster
52M5globular clusterSerpens6.023′JunMessier, Binocular Messier, Globular Cluster
53M4globular clusterScorpius5.426′JulMessier, Binocular Messier, Globular Cluster, Southern Sky Telescopic
54M13Hercules Clusterglobular clusterHercules5.820′JulMessier, Binocular Messier, Globular Cluster
55NGC 6210Turtle Nebulaplanetary nebulaHercules9.716″JulPlanetary Nebula
56M12Gumball Clusterglobular clusterOphiuchus7.116′JulMessier, Binocular Messier, Globular Cluster
57M10globular clusterOphiuchus6.620′JulMessier, Binocular Messier, Globular Cluster
58M62globular clusterOphiuchus6.615′JulMessier, Binocular Messier, Globular Cluster, Southern Sky Telescopic
59M92globular clusterHercules6.514′JulMessier, Binocular Messier, Globular Cluster
60M6Butterfly Clusteropen clusterScorpius4.225′AugMessier, Binocular Messier, Southern Sky Telescopic
61IC 4665Summer Beehive Clusteropen clusterOphiuchus4.21°AugOpen Cluster, Deep Sky Binocular
62M7Ptolemy's Clusteropen clusterScorpius3.31.3°AugMessier, Binocular Messier, Open Cluster, Southern Sky Telescopic
63NGC 6520open clusterSagittarius7.65.4′AugHerschel 400, Open Cluster, Deep Sky Binocular
64M8Lagoon Nebulanebula and clusterSagittarius5.82.5° × 40′AugMessier, Binocular Messier, Bright Nebula, Southern Sky Telescopic
65M17Omega Nebuladiffuse nebulaSagittarius7.011′AugMessier, Binocular Messier, Bright Nebula, Southern Sky Telescopic
66NGC 6633open clusterOphiuchus4.612′AugHerschel 400, Deep Sky Binocular
67M22Sagittarius Clusterglobular clusterSagittarius5.132′AugMessier, Binocular Messier, Globular Cluster, Southern Sky Telescopic
68IC 4756Graff's Clusteropen clusterSerpens4.640′AugOpen Cluster, Deep Sky Binocular
69M11Wild Duck Clusteropen clusterScutum5.823′AugMessier, Binocular Messier, Open Cluster
70NGC 6709open clusterAquila6.78.7′AugDeep Sky Binocular
71M57Ring Nebulaplanetary nebulaLyra8.81.5′ × 1′AugMessier, Binocular Messier, Planetary Nebula
72Collinder 399Coathangeropen clusterVulpecula3.61°AugDeep Sky Binocular
73NGC 6818Little Gem Nebulaplanetary nebulaSagittarius9.346″SepHerschel 400, Planetary Nebula
74NGC 6826Blinking Planetaryplanetary nebulaCygnus9.424″SepCaldwell, Herschel 400, Planetary Nebula
75M27Dumbbell Nebulaplanetary nebulaVulpecula7.48′ × 5.6′SepMessier, Binocular Messier, Planetary Nebula
76NGC 6910open clusterCygnus7.46.3′SepHerschel 400, Open Cluster, Deep Sky Binocular
77NGC 6934globular clusterDelphinus8.85.9′SepCaldwell, Herschel 400, Globular Cluster, Deep Sky Binocular
78NGC 6940open clusterVulpecula6.311′SepHerschel 400, Deep Sky Binocular
79NGC 7009Saturn Nebulaplanetary nebulaAquarius8.042″ × 30″SepCaldwell, Herschel 400, Planetary Nebula
80M15Great Pegasus Clusterglobular clusterPegasus6.318′SepMessier, Binocular Messier, Globular Cluster
81M2globular clusterAquarius6.216′SepMessier, Binocular Messier, Globular Cluster
82M39open clusterCygnus4.629′SepMessier, Binocular Messier
83NGC 7160open clusterCepheus6.14.2′OctHerschel 400, Deep Sky Binocular
84NGC 7209open clusterLacerta6.76′OctHerschel 400, Open Cluster, Deep Sky Binocular
85NGC 7243open clusterLacerta6.421′OctCaldwell, Herschel 400, Deep Sky Binocular
86NGC 7662Blue Snowballplanetary nebulaAndromeda8.318″OctCaldwell, Herschel 400, Planetary Nebula
87NGC 7789Caroline's Roseopen clusterCassiopeia6.714′NovHerschel 400, Deep Sky Binocular
88η CasAchirddouble starCassiopeia3.5Nov13.5"
89γ AriMesarthimdouble starAries4.5Dec7.1"
90γ AndAlmachdouble starAndromeda2.3Dec9.8"
91θ1 OriTrapeziumquadruple starOrion6.6Jan8.9", 12.7", 21.4"
92β MonBeta Monocerotistriple starMonoceros4.6Feb7.3", 9.5"
93γ LeoAlgiebadouble starLeo2.4Apr4.7"
94ζ UMaMizartriple starUrsa Major2.2May14.4", 715.5"
95β ScoAcrabdouble starScorpius2.6Jul13.6"
96ε LyrDouble Doublequadruple starLyra5.2Aug2.1", 209.4", 2.4"
97β CygAlbireodouble starCygnus3.2Aug34.3"
98γ DelGamma Delphinidouble starDelphinus4.4Sep8.9"
99δ CepDelta Cepheiquadruple starCepheus4.2Oct40.6"
100β PerAlgoleclipsing binary star, mag 2.1 to 3.4 every 2.87 daysPerseus2.1Dec

37 of the 100 are best in winter: plan the list by month

Each bar counts the objects highest in the sky at 9 pm in that month. An object is also well placed in the month before, late in the evening, and the month after, early in the evening.

10 Jan 12 Feb 4 Mar 4 Apr 8 May 2 Jun 8 Jul 15 Aug 11 Sep 5 Oct 6 Nov 15 Dec

87 of the 100 are on another list you may already be working

  • Messier: 41 of the 100
  • Binocular Messier: 41 of the 100
  • Deep Sky Binocular: 39 of the 100
  • Herschel 400: 34 of the 100
  • Open Cluster: 21 of the 100
  • Caldwell: 14 of the 100
  • Globular Cluster: 12 of the 100
  • Planetary Nebula: 9 of the 100
  • Southern Sky Telescopic: 9 of the 100
  • Bright Nebula: 4 of the 100

Objects that cut through city skyglow

Phil Harrington of the Westport Astronomical Society suggested the program to bring amateur astronomy back to the cities. Its objects are bright or compact enough to show through skyglow: open clusters, globular clusters, small bright planetary nebulae, and doubles and variables, which light pollution hardly affects.

41 of the deep-sky objects are Messier objects. The rest are mostly bright open clusters such as the Double Cluster and planetary nebulae such as the Ghost of Jupiter.

More Astronomical League observing programs on Go Astronomy